diff --git a/Semesterprojekt/src/main/java/thb/jeanluc/adventure/loader/CombinationFactory.java b/Semesterprojekt/src/main/java/thb/jeanluc/adventure/loader/CombinationFactory.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..81234b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Semesterprojekt/src/main/java/thb/jeanluc/adventure/loader/CombinationFactory.java
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+package thb.jeanluc.adventure.loader;
+
+import thb.jeanluc.adventure.loader.dto.CombinationDto;
+import thb.jeanluc.adventure.loader.dto.ConditionDto;
+import thb.jeanluc.adventure.loader.dto.EffectDto;
+import thb.jeanluc.adventure.model.Combination;
+import thb.jeanluc.adventure.model.item.Item;
+
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+/** Builds {@link Combination}s from {@link CombinationDto}s, validating item ids. */
+public final class CombinationFactory {
+
+    private CombinationFactory() {
+    }
+
+    public static Combination fromDto(CombinationDto dto, Map<String, Item> items) {
+        requireItem(items, dto.a(), "a");
+        requireItem(items, dto.b(), "b");
+        if (dto.consume() != null) {
+            for (String id : dto.consume()) {
+                requireItem(items, id, "consume");
+            }
+        }
+        if (dto.produce() != null) {
+            requireItem(items, dto.produce(), "produce");
+        }
+        return new Combination(
+                dto.a(),
+                dto.b(),
+                ConditionDto.toModelList(dto.requires()),
+                dto.consume() == null ? List.of() : List.copyOf(dto.consume()),
+                dto.produce(),
+                EffectDto.toModelList(dto.effects()),
+                dto.response(),
+                dto.failText());
+    }
+
+    private static void requireItem(Map<String, Item> items, String id, String field) {
+        if (id == null) {
+            throw new WorldLoadException("Combination '" + field + "' is missing an item id");
+        }
+        if (!items.containsKey(id)) {
+            throw new WorldLoadException(
+                    "Combination references unknown item '" + id + "' (field '" + field + "')");
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/Semesterprojekt/src/main/java/thb/jeanluc/adventure/loader/dto/CombinationDto.java b/Semesterprojekt/src/main/java/thb/jeanluc/adventure/loader/dto/CombinationDto.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8541dab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Semesterprojekt/src/main/java/thb/jeanluc/adventure/loader/dto/CombinationDto.java
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+package thb.jeanluc.adventure.loader.dto;
+
+import java.util.List;
+
+/** YAML representation of an item-combination recipe. */
+public record CombinationDto(
+        String a,
+        String b,
+        List<ConditionDto> requires,
+        List<String> consume,
+        String produce,
+        List<EffectDto> effects,
+        String response,
+        String failText
+) {
+}
diff --git a/Semesterprojekt/src/test/java/thb/jeanluc/adventure/loader/CombinationFactoryTest.java b/Semesterprojekt/src/test/java/thb/jeanluc/adventure/loader/CombinationFactoryTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..88db084
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Semesterprojekt/src/test/java/thb/jeanluc/adventure/loader/CombinationFactoryTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+package thb.jeanluc.adventure.loader;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import thb.jeanluc.adventure.loader.dto.CombinationDto;
+import thb.jeanluc.adventure.model.Combination;
+import thb.jeanluc.adventure.model.item.Item;
+import thb.jeanluc.adventure.model.item.PlainItem;
+
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThatThrownBy;
+
+class CombinationFactoryTest {
+
+    private Map<String, Item> items() {
+        Map<String, Item> m = new HashMap<>();
+        for (String id : List.of("matches", "torch", "lit_torch")) {
+            m.put(id, PlainItem.builder().id(id).name(id).description("d").light(false).build());
+        }
+        return m;
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void buildsCombinationFromDto() {
+        CombinationDto dto = new CombinationDto("matches", "torch", null,
+                List.of("matches", "torch"), "lit_torch", null, "You light it.", null);
+        Combination c = CombinationFactory.fromDto(dto, items());
+        assertThat(c.key()).isEqualTo("matches|torch");
+        assertThat(c.consume()).containsExactly("matches", "torch");
+        assertThat(c.produce()).isEqualTo("lit_torch");
+        assertThat(c.response()).isEqualTo("You light it.");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void rejectsUnknownOperandId() {
+        CombinationDto dto = new CombinationDto("matches", "ghost", null, null, null, null, "x", null);
+        assertThatThrownBy(() -> CombinationFactory.fromDto(dto, items()))
+                .isInstanceOf(WorldLoadException.class)
+                .hasMessageContaining("ghost");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void rejectsUnknownProduceId() {
+        CombinationDto dto = new CombinationDto("matches", "torch", null, null, "phantom", null, "x", null);
+        assertThatThrownBy(() -> CombinationFactory.fromDto(dto, items()))
+                .isInstanceOf(WorldLoadException.class)
+                .hasMessageContaining("phantom");
+    }
+}